Turso

According to the official website, Turso is a libSQL powered edge SQLite database as a service.

Drizzle ORM natively supports libSQL driver, we embrace SQL dialects and dialect specific drivers and syntax and mirror most popular SQLite-like all, get, values and run query methods syntax.

npm i drizzle-orm @libsql/client
npm i -D drizzle-kit

yarn add drizzle-orm @libsql/client
yarn add -D drizzle-kit

pnpm add drizzle-orm @libsql/client
pnpm add -D drizzle-kit

bun add drizzle-orm @libsql/client
bun add -D drizzle-kit

import { drizzle } from 'drizzle-orm/libsql';
import { createClient } from '@libsql/client';

const client = createClient({ url: 'DATABASE_URL', authToken: 'DATABASE_AUTH_TOKEN' });

const db = drizzle(client);

const result = await db.select().from(users).all()

Unless you plan on writing every SQL query by hand, a table declaration is helpful:

import { sql } from "drizzle-orm";
import { text, integer, sqliteTable } from "drizzle-orm/sqlite-core";

const users = sqliteTable('users', {
  id: text('id'),
  textModifiers: text('text_modifiers').notNull().default(sql`CURRENT_TIMESTAMP`),
  intModifiers: integer('int_modifiers', { mode: 'boolean' }).notNull().default(false),
});

For more details about column types, see the SQLite column types in Drizzle.

Cloudflare D1

According to the official website, D1 is Cloudflare’s first queryable relational database.

Drizzle ORM fully supports the Cloudflare D1 database and Cloudflare Workers environment. We embrace SQL dialects and dialect specific drivers and syntax and mirror most popular SQLite-like all, get, values and run query methods syntax.

To setup project for your Cloudflare D1 please refer to official docs.

### your wrangler.toml will look something like this:

name = "YOUR PROJECT NAME"
main = "src/index.ts"
compatibility_date = "2022-11-07"
node_compat = true

[[ d1_databases ]]
binding = "DB"
database_name = "YOUR DB NAME"
database_id = "YOUR DB ID"

Initialize local database and run server locally:

wrangler d1 execute <DATABASE_NAME> --local --file=./drizzle/0000_short_lockheed.sql
wrangler dev ## on wrangler versions below 3.0.0, add the --local and --persist flags

Install Drizzle ORM:

npm i drizzle-orm
npm i -D drizzle-kit

yarn add drizzle-orm
yarn add -D drizzle-kit

pnpm add drizzle-orm
pnpm add -D drizzle-kit

bun add drizzle-orm
bun add -D drizzle-kit

Make your first D1 query:

import { drizzle } from 'drizzle-orm/d1';

export interface Env {
  <BINDING_NAME>: D1Database;
}

export default {
  async fetch(request: Request, env: Env) {
    const db = drizzle(env.<BINDING_NAME>);
    const result = await db.select().from(users).all()
    return Response.json(result);
  },
};

Unless you plan on writing every SQL query by hand, a table declaration is helpful:

import { sql } from "drizzle-orm";
import { text, integer, sqliteTable } from "drizzle-orm/sqlite-core";

const users = sqliteTable('users', {
  id: text('id'),
  textModifiers: text('text_modifiers').notNull().default(sql`CURRENT_TIMESTAMP`),
  intModifiers: integer('int_modifiers', { mode: 'boolean' }).notNull().default(false),
});

For more details about column types, see the SQLite column types in Drizzle.

Bun SQLite

According to the official website, Bun is a fast all-in-one JavaScript runtime.

Drizzle ORM natively supports bun:sqlite module and it’s crazy fast 🚀

We embraces SQL dialects and dialect specific drivers and syntax and unlike any other ORM, for synchronous drivers like bun:sqlite we have both async and sync APIs and we mirror most popular SQLite-like all, get, values and run query methods syntax.

npm i drizzle-orm
npm i -D drizzle-kit

yarn add drizzle-orm
yarn add -D drizzle-kit

pnpm add drizzle-orm
pnpm add -D drizzle-kit

bun add drizzle-orm
bun add -D drizzle-kit

import { drizzle } from 'drizzle-orm/bun-sqlite';
import { Database } from 'bun:sqlite';

const sqlite = new Database('sqlite.db');
const db = drizzle(sqlite);

const result = await db.select().from(users);

Unless you plan on writing every SQL query by hand, a table declaration is helpful:

import { sql } from "drizzle-orm";
import { text, integer, sqliteTable } from "drizzle-orm/sqlite-core";

const users = sqliteTable('users', {
  id: text('id'),
  textModifiers: text('text_modifiers').notNull().default(sql`CURRENT_TIMESTAMP`),
  intModifiers: integer('int_modifiers', { mode: 'boolean' }).notNull().default(false),
});

For more details about column types, see the SQLite column types in Drizzle.

If you want to use sync APIs:

import { drizzle } from 'drizzle-orm/bun-sqlite';
import { Database } from 'bun:sqlite';

const sqlite = new Database('sqlite.db');
const db = drizzle(sqlite);

const result = db.select().from(users).all();
const result = db.select().from(users).get();
const result = db.select().from(users).values();
const result = db.select().from(users).run();

More on sync and async APIs for sqlite - read here.

Expo SQLite

According to the official website, Expo is an ecosystem of tools to develop, build and ship applications on React Native. It’s powered by Hermes JavaScript runtime and Metro bundler, Drizzle Expo driver is built to natively support both.

Drizzle ORM has the best in class toolkit for Expo SQLite:

• Native ORM driver for Expo SQLite ✅
• Drizzle Kit support for migration generation and bundling in application ✅
• Drizzle Studio dev tools plugin to browse on device database ✅
• Live Queries ✅

npm i drizzle-orm expo-sqlite@next
npm i -D drizzle-kit

yarn add drizzle-orm expo-sqlite@next
yarn add -D drizzle-kit

pnpm add drizzle-orm expo-sqlite@next
pnpm add -D drizzle-kit

bun add drizzle-orm expo-sqlite@next
bun add -D drizzle-kit

import { drizzle } from "drizzle-orm/expo-sqlite";
import { openDatabaseSync } from "expo-sqlite/next";

const expo = openDatabaseSync("db.db");
const db = drizzle(expo);

await db.select().from(users);

Live Queries

With useLiveQuery hook you can make any Drizzle query reactive:

import { useLiveQuery, drizzle } from 'drizzle-orm/expo-sqlite';
import { openDatabaseSync } from 'expo-sqlite/next';
import { Text } from 'react-native';
import * as schema from './schema';

const expo = openDatabaseSync('db.db', { enableChangeListener: true }); // <-- enable change listeners
const db = drizzle(expo);

const App = () => {
  // Re-renders automatically when data changes
  const { data } = useLiveQuery(db.select().from(schema.users));
  return <Text>{JSON.stringify(data)}</Text>;
};

export default App;

Expo SQLite migrations with Drizzle Kit

You can use Drizzle Kit for SQL migration generation.
Please make sure to check how Drizzle Kit migrations work before proceeding.
Expo / React Native requires you to have SQL migrations bundled into the app and we’ve got you covered.

npm install babel-plugin-inline-import

module.exports = function(api) {
  api.cache(true);

  return {
    presets: ['babel-preset-expo'],
    plugins: [["inline-import", { "extensions": [".sql"] }]] // <-- add this
  };
};

const { getDefaultConfig } = require('expo/metro-config');

/** @type {import('expo/metro-config').MetroConfig} */
const config = getDefaultConfig(__dirname);

config.resolver.sourceExts.push('sql'); // <--- add this

module.exports = config;

import type { Config } from 'drizzle-kit';

export default {
  schema: './db/schema.ts',
  out: './drizzle',
  dialect: 'sqlite',
  driver: 'expo', // <--- very important
} satisfies Config;

npx drizzle-kit generate

import { drizzle } from "drizzle-orm/expo-sqlite";
import { openDatabaseSync } from "expo-sqlite/next";
import { useMigrations } from 'drizzle-orm/expo-sqlite/migrator';
import migrations from './drizzle/migrations';

const expoDb = openDatabaseSync("db.db");

const db = drizzle(expoDb);

export default function App() {
  const { success, error } = useMigrations(db, migrations);

  if (error) {
    return (
      <View>
        <Text>Migration error: {error.message}</Text>
      </View>
    );
  }

  if (!success) {
    return (
      <View>
        <Text>Migration is in progress...</Text>
      </View>
    );
  }

  return ...your application component;
}

OP SQLite

According to the official github page, OP-SQLite embeds the latest version of SQLite and provides a low-level API to execute SQL queries.

npm i drizzle-orm @op-engineering/op-sqlite
npm i -D drizzle-kit

yarn add drizzle-orm @op-engineering/op-sqlite
yarn add -D drizzle-kit

pnpm add drizzle-orm @op-engineering/op-sqlite
pnpm add -D drizzle-kit

bun add drizzle-orm @op-engineering/op-sqlite
bun add -D drizzle-kit

import { drizzle } from "drizzle-orm/op-sqlite";
import { open } from '@op-engineering/op-sqlite';

const opsqlite = open({
  name: 'myDB',
});
const db = drizzle(opsqlite);

await db.select().from(users);

You can use Drizzle Kit for SQL migration generation.
Please make sure to check how Drizzle Kit migrations work before proceeding.
OP SQLite requires you to have SQL migrations bundled into the app and we’ve got you covered.

npm install babel-plugin-inline-import

module.exports = {
  presets: ['module:@react-native/babel-preset'],
  plugins: [
    [
      'inline-import',
      {
        extensions: ['.sql'],
      },
    ],
  ],
};

const { getDefaultConfig } = require('@react-native/metro-config');

const config = getDefaultConfig(__dirname);

config.resolver.sourceExts.push('sql');

module.exports = config;

import type { Config } from 'drizzle-kit';

export default {
  schema: './db/schema.ts',
  out: './drizzle',
  dialect: 'sqlite',
  driver: 'expo', // <--- very important
} satisfies Config;

npx drizzle-kit generate

import { drizzle } from "drizzle-orm/op-sqlite";
import { open } from '@op-engineering/op-sqlite';
import { useMigrations } from 'drizzle-orm/op-sqlite/migrator';
import migrations from './drizzle/migrations';

const opsqliteDb = open({
  name: 'myDB',
});

const db = drizzle(opsqliteDb);

export default function App() {
  const { success, error } = useMigrations(db, migrations);

  if (error) {
    return (
      <View>
        <Text>Migration error: {error.message}</Text>
      </View>
    );
  }

  if (!success) {
    return (
      <View>
        <Text>Migration is in progress...</Text>
      </View>
    );
  }

  return ...your application component;
}

React Native SQLite

Please use Expo SQLite to run Drizzle ORM with React Native apps.
The only popular library we’ve found does not support new Hermes JavaScript runtime, which is a standard out of the box runtime for React Native and Expo now.

better-sqlite3

According to the official docs, BetterSqlite3 is the fastest and simplest library for SQLite3 in Node.js.

Drizzle ORM embraces SQL dialects and dialect specific drivers and syntax and unlike any other ORM, for synchronous drivers like better-sqlite3 both async and sync APIs and we mirror most popular SQLite-like all, get, values and run query methods syntax.

npm i drizzle-orm better-sqlite3
npm i -D drizzle-kit

yarn add drizzle-orm better-sqlite3
yarn add -D drizzle-kit

pnpm add drizzle-orm better-sqlite3
pnpm add -D drizzle-kit

bun add drizzle-orm better-sqlite3
bun add -D drizzle-kit

import { drizzle } from 'drizzle-orm/better-sqlite3';
import Database from 'better-sqlite3';

const sqlite = new Database('sqlite.db');
const db = drizzle(sqlite);

const result = await db.select().from(users);

Unless you plan on writing every SQL query by hand, a table declaration is helpful:

import { sql } from "drizzle-orm";
import { text, integer, sqliteTable } from "drizzle-orm/sqlite-core";

const users = sqliteTable('users', {
  id: text('id'),
  textModifiers: text('text_modifiers').notNull().default(sql`CURRENT_TIMESTAMP`),
  intModifiers: integer('int_modifiers', { mode: 'boolean' }).notNull().default(false),
});

For more details about column types, see the SQLite column types in Drizzle.

If you want to use sync APIs:

import { drizzle, BetterSQLite3Database } from 'drizzle-orm/better-sqlite3';
import Database from 'better-sqlite3';

const sqlite = new Database('sqlite.db');
const db: BetterSQLite3Database = drizzle(sqlite);

const result = db.select().from(users).all();
const result = db.select().from(users).get();
const result = db.select().from(users).values();
const result = db.select().from(users).run();

More on sync and async APIs for sqlite - read here.

HTTP proxy

Drizzle ORM also supports simply using asynchronous callback function for executing SQL.

• sql is a query string with placeholders.
• params is an array of parameters.
• One of the following values will set for method depending on the SQL statement - run, all, values or get.

Drizzle always waits for {rows: string[][]} or {rows: string[]} for the return value.

• When the method is get, you should return a value as {rows: string[]}.
• Otherwise, you should return {rows: string[][]}.

import { drizzle } from 'drizzle-orm/sqlite-proxy';

const db = drizzle(async (sql, params, method) => {
  try {
    const rows = await axios.post('http://localhost:3000/query', { sql, params, method });

    return { rows: rows.data };
  } catch (e: any) {
    console.error('Error from sqlite proxy server: ', e.response.data)
    return { rows: [] };
  }
});

Batch support

Sqlite Proxy supports batch requests, the same as it’s done for all other drivers. Check full docs

You will need to specify a specific callback for batch queries and handle requests to proxy server:

import { drizzle } from 'drizzle-orm/sqlite-proxy';

type ResponseType = { rows: any[][] | any[] }[];

const db = drizzle(async (sql, params, method) => {
  // single queries logic. Same as in code above
}, async (queries: { sql: string, params: any[], method: 'all' | 'run' | 'get' | 'values'}[]) => {
    try {
      const result: ResponseType = await axios.post('http://localhost:3000/batch', { queries });

      return result;
    } catch (e: any) {
      console.error('Error from sqlite proxy server:', e);
      throw e;
    }
  });

And then you can use db.batch([]) method, that will proxy all queries

Unless you plan on writing every SQL query by hand, a table declaration is helpful:

import { sql } from "drizzle-orm";
import { text, integer, sqliteTable } from "drizzle-orm/sqlite-core";

const users = sqliteTable('users', {
  id: text('id'),
  textModifiers: text('text_modifiers').notNull().default(sql`CURRENT_TIMESTAMP`),
  intModifiers: integer('int_modifiers', { mode: 'boolean' }).notNull().default(false),
});

For more details about column types, see the SQLite column types in Drizzle.